La restricción nutricional gestacional altera la organización de la glándula adrenal en ratas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24933/rep.v7i1.296Palabras clave:
Restricción calórica, Restricción proteica, embarazo, Adrenal, Receptores de glicocorticóides/mineralocorticóidesResumen
La mala nutrición durante el embarazo causa adaptación metabólica y/o estructural permanente en la prole. La glándula adrenal produce varias hormonas esteroides durante el embarazo. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de la dieta durante la gestación en las glándulas suprarrenales de ratas Wistar. Para ello, las ratas Wistar embarazadas de 10 semanas (p, n = 15) y las ratones sin embarazo (np, n= 15) se dividieron en tres grupos y recibieron una dieta de control normoproteico (C, 17% de caseína, n=5), una dieta hipocalórica (PR, 6% de Caseína, N = 5) y una restricción calórica del 50% (RC, 50% de la dieta consumida por el grupo C) durante un período de 21 días. En el día 21 de gestación (grupos 21dG, p) o en el 21 día de dieta ( grupos np), después de profundización anestésica, la glándula suprarrenal derecha fue recogida, pesada (masa total) y preparada para inclusión en Paraplast® para examen histomorfométrico y análisis inmunohistocémico (Ki-67, receptores de glucocorticoides (GR) y receptor de mineralocorticóide (MR)) en las diferentes áreas de las glándulas. Los datos, expresados como media ± DP, se evaluaron mediante análisis de variación unidireccional con post-test de Tukey (p < 0,05). CR en el embarazo aumentó la cantidad de receptores GR, MR y Ki-67 en la glándula adrenal. El grupo npRC mostró mayor reactividad de GR en comparación con los animales que recibieron una dieta normal. La restricción de proteínas en el embarazo disminuye la RMN adrenal. Los resultados permitieron concluir que, incluso sin cambiar el peso de las glándulas suprarrenales, el grupo pRC fue el que más sufrió estrés durante el estudio, lo que sugiere que la RC asociada con el embarazo puede causar cambios morfofuncionales en las glandulas adrenales.
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